Iberoamerica 2025 №2

This issue of the journal presented to the reader includes four blocks. The first of them is devoted to the social situation in Latin America. The article by Sergey V. Ryazantsev and Nikita S. Ryazantsev examines the features of the formation and functioning of migration systems in the countries of the region and identifies the main factors contributing to the influx of migrants, so as provides a typology of migration systems. The study by Eleonora G. Ermolieva is devoted to a pressing demographic problem - the aging of the population of Latin America, which requires the State to develop strategies aimed at ensuring basic social guarantees for the growing elderly generation.

The second block reflects various aspects of national and regional security. Diana Pamela Chavarry Galvez and Svetlana Y. Revinova identify the main threats to small and medium enterprises in the field of cybersecurity and show the countries and sectors of the economy most vulnerable to cyber threats, and determine the factors hindering the effective implementation of the necessary measures in this area. Konstantin S. Strigunov examines the state of the situation in Ecuador, which culminated in a criminal insurgency, as a result of which the country's leadership declared a regime of internal armed conflict. The author also shows the factors contributing to the decline in security in this country and shows the connection of Ecuadorian gangs with transnational criminal networks. Jorge Bozo Marambio reflects on the problem of insecurity in the social sphere in the Chilean neoliberal context and shows the role of collectivism in counteracting the subjective feeling of fear based on the concept of a dignified life (Buen Vivir).

The authors of the articles included in the third block analyze the current domestic and foreign policies of Brazil. The article by Liudmila S. Okuneva examines the dynamics of political processes on the eve and in the first half of the current mandate of L.I. Lula da Silva, Violetta S. Olkhovskaia's attention was drawn to the cooperation of this Latin American country with the European Union in the field of security, and Sergey A. Sherstyukov and Ekaterina Y. Kosevich provide a comparative analysis of the strategy of two rising powers - Brazil and Turkey, aimed at increasing their status and prestige on the world stage.

In the fourth block, devoted to Spain, Victor Arbaizar Gonzalez reveals the negative consequences of anti-Russian sanctions for the economy of this country of the Iberian Peninsula, and Irina L. Prokhorenko, basing on the analysis of the collective monograph published by the Institute of Latin American Studies of the Russian Academy of Sciences, gives an assessment of the main vectors of changes occurring in this Iberian state in the third decade of this century.

IBEROAMÉRICA

2025, no.2 (April – June)

Content

SOCIAL SITUATION

Sergey V. Ryazantsev, Nikita S. Ryazantsev. Migration Systems of Latin American Countries

Eleonora G. Ermolieva. Latin America: A Young Continent in Ageing Process

SECURITY PROBLEMS

Diana Pamela Chavarry Gálvez, Svetlana Y. Revinova. Cybersecurity Challenges for Small and Medium Enterprises

Konstantin S. Strigunov. Internal Armed Conflict in Ecuador in the Form of Criminal Insurgency

Jorge Bozo Marambio. Insecurity and Social Fear: A Subjectivity in the Chilean Neoliberal Context

BRAZIL: DOMESTIC AND FOREIGN POLICY

Liudmila S. Okuneva. The Dynamics of the Political Process in Brazil: Luiz Inacio Lula da Silva's Third Term